Ngā āhuatanga ka akona mai ki a tātou e te ao Māori, mō te ao pakihi o āpōpō
- Written by Ben Walker, Lecturer (Management), Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington
Mai i te ētita: Nā Piripi Walker i whakamāori tēnei tuhinga mō Te Wiki o te Reo Māori. Pāwhiria ki konei[1] hei pānui i tēnei tuhinga ki te reo Pākeha.
Ki te hīkoi koe ki roto i tētahi rūma poari, kura pakihi rānei, ka rongo koe i ētahi ingoa, hoki atu, hoki atu, e whakatairangatia ana: Ko Apple tērā, Tesla tērā, ko Google tērā, arā atu, arā atu. Kei hea ngā ingoa nunui, me ngā kōrero whakaharikoa mai i te ao Māori? Kāore i te rahi rawa.
He mea pōuri. Arā te tini o ngā kamupene Māori hei akoranga mō tātou i roto i ā tātou mahi whakahaere, whakapakari hinonga, kia toitū te āhua, kia nui ngā hua mō te motu katoa — he whāinga ēnei kāore i tutuki i te huhua o ngā kamupene o te ao arumoni.
He tini ngā māramatanga mō te whakahaere auaha, whakahaere toitū kua tuia ki roto i ngā tātai kōrero o te ao Māori — mai i a Kupe me te toronga mai o tana tira i te kitenga tuatahi o Aotearoa[2] e 800 tau ki mua, tae atu ki ētahi mahi o ēnei ngahuru tau tata hei whakaora i te reo[3], te whawhai mō te whenua me te tiaki wāhi tapu[4].
Me kī, e toru pea ngā mātāpono whakahaere hei whakakapi i ēnei māramatanga. E mea ana mātou ka noho ēnei hei kaupapa e ara pūputu anō i roto i ngā kōrero pakihi whakaharikoa ā ngā rā e tū mai nei.
Me hāpai tautuhitanga whānui kē atu o tēnei mea te ekenga taumata pakihi
Tētahi āhuatanga e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ngā whakahaere Māori, ka tere kitea hoki i roto i ā rātou mahere rautaki[5], ko te aro nui ki te whai i ngā painga huhua, kaua ko ngā painga ahumoni anake.
I ēnei rā hoki, e kī ana ngā kamupene nui whakaharahara, ko te toitū me ētahi whāinga ehara i te ahumoni tētahi uara nui ki a rātou. Ahakoa ēnā whakapuakanga a ngā kamupene nei, e ai ki te titiro a te nuinga o te tangata, kāore anō ngā whāinga taketake o aua kamupene kia huri ki āhua kē — e noho tonu ana ko te whai kia hua ake he hua moni mā te hunga pupuru pānga, te whāinga nui.
Kāore e pēnei mō te tino nuinga o ngā hinonga Māori, ki a rātou ko ngā pānga ā-hapori, ā-taiao, ā-ahurea[6] kei te pū tonu o ā rātou mahi. He āhuatanga tēnei e mōhiotia ana i te ao Māori, nā te mea, ka noho ēnei uara i waenga pū o te ahurea.
Ka kitea te whakaaro nui ki te hapori, ki te taiao hoki i te ao Māori katoa, mai i ngā pakiwaitara o tua whakarere, ki ngā karakia ka tākina i mua i ngā āhuatanga nunui.
He mea taketake hoki ngā whakaaro whakapūmau i te hapori, i te taiao i roto i ngā tikanga[7], te pūnaha o ngā uara me ngā mahi ka noho hei wāhi mō tō tātou āhua noho.
Ehara i te mea ka wareware ngā umanga Māori ki ngā āhuatanga o te nuinga o te ao mō te ine i te ekenga taumata. Me kī, ko te ōhanga Māori te wāhanga hohoro rawa ki te tupu[8] o te ōhanga katoa o Aotearoa, ina tirohia te taha ahumoni anake.
Otiia, ko tā te nuinga o ngā kamupene o te ao he aru i te huamoni, ko tā ngā kamupene Māori (me kī, ngā umanga iwi taketake huri noa i te ao), he ara, he pou tēnei mea te mahi moni hei whakapūmau i ētahi atu ekenga taumata tiketike kē atu: te oranga o te iwi, te whāinga reo i waenga i ngā iwi o te whenua o te ao, me te toitū o te taiao[9].
Te titiro whakamua ki ngā whakatupuranga kāore anō kia whānau mai
Tētahi, ko te mahi a te whakahaere Māori he titiro whakamua ki tua atu i ngā pae tūtata, i mua anō i tāna whakatau take nunui.
I ngā kaporeihana e mōhio nuitia ana, ka aro nui ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā putanga hua hauwhā tau, ki ngā hua ā-tau rānei. Ko tā ngā whakahaere Māori he āta whiriwhiri kaupapa mō ngā hua ka puta mā ngā whakatupuranga kei mua i te aroaro, hei ngā ngahuru tau, ngā rau tau hoki kei mua.
Hei tauira, i te tau 1975, i hangaia tahitia e Ngāti Raukawa, e Ngāti Toa me Te Atiawa tāna mahere 25 tau te roa, e mōhiotia nei ko Whakatupuranga Rua Mano[10]. Tētahi o ngā hua o tēnei rautaki ko Te Wānanga o Raukawa[11], he wānanga tēnei mō ngā akoranga aro ki te ao Māori, kātahi anō he wānanga pēnei ka whakatūria i te ao hou.
I ēnei tau tata, kua tīmata te mahi a te Kaporeihana o Wakatū i tāna mahere rautaki[12] neke atu i te 50 te whāroa. E mea ana a Rachel Taulelei, tumuaki o te kamupene kai, inu hoki a Wakatū e mōhiotia nei ko Kono, e mahi ana te kamupene i raro anō i āna tirohanga 500 tau[13] i roto i ana mahi whakamahere.
Ko tētahi take nui i pēnei ai te roa o te toronga whakaaro o ngā whakahaere Māori ko te whakapapa[14]. Kei runga noa atu te whakapapa i ngā kāwei whakaheke noa iho o te tangata, i te ao Māori. He uara, he āhuatanga noho, ehara au i te tangata takitahi, engari he hononga, he uri nā ōku tūpuna, heke mai ki ahau, ā, heke atu ana ki ngā whakatupuranga o āpōpō.
Ngā hononga ki te hapori
Hei kupu whakamutunga, whakatairanga ai tēnei mea te umanga Māori i tōna hapori hei pūtahi mō ngā whakaaro o ngā whakahaere. Ka whakaatatia tēnei i roto i te āhua o tā rātou waihanga, whakahaere hoki i ā rātou mahi hautū[15].
Hei tauira, he mea tohu ngā mema poari o ngā kāporeihana nunui (te hunga kawe haepapa mō te ahunga o te ihu o te waka o te hinonga) e ētahi mema o nāianei, nā tō rātou matatau ki ao pakihi. Hei ngā whakahaere Māori, he mea pōti kē ngā poari i runga anō i te pōti o ngā mema katoa o tō rātou hapori.
Nā konei, he matahuhua ngā poari o ngā whakahaere Māori, te matatau, ngā whakaaro, huri noa i te tēpu.
Ko te mea nui pea, ka rangona ngā reo me ngā whakaaro o te hapori i ngā whakatau hira a te hinonga, nā te pōtitanga o ngā mema poari e te hapori.
Hei tauira anō, ko tētahi o ngā whakahaere Māori e mōhiotia ana e mātou kua kawea kētia āna mahi taketake kia hora whare pāpori, nā te kore whare tōtika mō te tini o te tangata o te hapori.
He mea ātaahua te huringa o ngā whakaaro o Aotearoa i ēnei tau tata ki tōna taha Māori. Ahakoa he maha ngā mahi kāore anō kia tutuki, kua huri ngā whakaaro, kua huri hoki ngā ngākau o ngā tāngata o Aotearoa mō te painga o te ako i te reo[16] me te whakamiha atu ki ngā toi Māori[17].
He akoranga nui ngā whakaaro Māori mō te pakihi, mō te whakahaere, mā tātou. Mā ōna ara whakatika i te korenga e ōrite o te whiwhinga, me te panonitanga āhuarangi, ka āwhina te ao Māori i a tātou katoa kia piki anō te pai o ō tātou umanga.
References
- ^ Pāwhiria ki konei (theconversation.com)
- ^ te kitenga tuatahi o Aotearoa (www.youtube.com)
- ^ hei whakaora i te reo (www.jstor.org)
- ^ tiaki wāhi tapu (www.maoritelevision.com)
- ^ mahere rautaki (www.youtube.com)
- ^ ngā pānga ā-hapori, ā-taiao, ā-ahurea (www.cambridge.org)
- ^ tikanga (maoridictionary.co.nz)
- ^ ko te ōhanga Māori te wāhanga hohoro rawa ki te tupu (chapmantripp.com)
- ^ toitū o te taiao (www.youtube.com)
- ^ Whakatupuranga Rua Mano (www.mcguinnessinstitute.org)
- ^ Te Wānanga o Raukawa (www.wananga.com)
- ^ mahere rautaki (www.wakatu.org)
- ^ tirohanga 500 tau (www.stuff.co.nz)
- ^ whakapapa (openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz)
- ^ mahi hautū (www.tpk.govt.nz)
- ^ ako i te reo (educationcentral.co.nz)
- ^ toi Māori (www.tvnz.co.nz)
Authors: Ben Walker, Lecturer (Management), Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington
